Hundreds of thousands of pupils in primary and secondary schools are likely to be affected by a fresh round of strikes by teachers over pay, pensions and conditions.
The two main teaching unions have said members in eight English regions will stage walkouts next month.
The National Union of Teachers (NUT) and the NASUWT and members in the east Midlands, west Midlands, Yorkshire and Humberside and the eastern region will take part in a walkout on 1 October, the unions announced.
Those in the north east, London, the south east and the south west will strike on 17 October.
A national one-day walkout is expected to follow before Christmas.
The NUT and the NASUWT accused Education Secretary Michael Gove of being “reckless and irresponsible”.
But Mr Gove hit back, declaring there was “no excuse” for strikes, and accusing the union leaders of attacking teaching.
NASUWT general secretary Chris Keates said the latest move was not a “reckless rush” to strike action, and that they had been trying to engage with Mr Gove since he came to office in 2010.
“No one wants to be disrupting children’s education,” she said. “Our experience is parents understand that if you attack teachers’ pay and conditions you are putting at risk children’s education.”
“Since June Mr Gove has taken to going from one public platform to another using megaphone diplomacy rather than sitting down and engaging frankly”, Ms Keates said.
“It is a reckless and irresponsible way for a secretary of state to behave.”
At an event in central London this morning Mr Gove questioned why the unions were pursuing strikes.
“There is no excuse for going on strike,” he said. “What is the complaint that teachers have? Is it that pensions are poor?
“It has been pointed out that even after recent changes, teachers have better pensions than the majority in the public and private sectors.”
Pay reforms will allow good teachers to be paid more, the profession has been given more autonomy and changes are also being made to areas such as inspections and assessment, he argued.
“I fear the reason is that there are people within the executive and leadership of the teaching unions who are for ideological reasons on some sort of kick.”
He insisted he was willing to meet with the union bosses for talks “any time, any place, anywhere, to get them to see the error of their ways.”
NUT general secretary Christine Blower said: “Teachers begin the academic year with an enormous level of enthusiasm to do the best they possibly can for every child that comes into their classroom.
“This year that enthusiasm is tempered and dampened by the anger and frustration teachers feel.
“That’s why, even though at the beginning of the academic year the last thing teachers want to be doing is contemplating strike action, there’s no choice this year other than to move in that direction, given the brick wall they are facing from Education Secretary Michael Gove.”